Abstract

Climate Change is intensifying urban risks and widening inequalities, requiring Climate Adaptation strategies capable of protecting populations and ecosystems. This study was motivated by the need to understand how Green Infrastructure, as Nature-based Solutions, can strengthen urban adaptation and resilience and support the Sustainable Development Goals. It builds on the hypothesis that the effectiveness of these solutions depends on regulatory institutionalisation, cross-sectoral integration, and equity safeguards to avoid new socio-spatial injustices. The study also reviewed recent international literature and conducted a documentary analysis of the Campinas Local Climate Action Plan to compare typologies, instruments, and enabling conditions. The results highlight climate and quality-of-life benefits, but also recurring barriers related to monitoring, indicators, maintenance, legal frameworks, and social participation, alongside risks of green gentrification. It is concluded that moving from rhetoric to implementation requires inclusive governance, stable financing, and operational mechanisms that ensure continuity and justice in urban adaptation.