Abstract

The techno-economic study and optimization of a hybrid renewable energy system were the main objectives of this study. The system combines electrolysis with a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen-based fuel cell, a battery energy storage system (BESS), and a photovoltaic (PV) array. Evaluating the system's performance and cost-effectiveness under various PV capacities and battery technologies is the main objective. The study uses an hourly simulation model that incorporates electrical load demand and actual environmental information such as solar radiation and ambient temperature. Direct use of PV power is given priority in the energy management plan, with excess energy being used first to charge the BESS and then to electrolyze the production of hydrogen, which is then stored in the hydrogen tank. In periods of power shortage, the fuel cell uses stored hydrogen after the BESS discharges to meet the load. The impact of different PV rated power on system economics is investigated, and three different battery technologies Li-ion, Lead-acid, and Ni-Cd are compared, A complete economic analysis is done, considering initial capital costs, operation and maintenance expenses, fuel costs, and component replacement costs. The most economically structures are identified by calculating key economic parameters, such as the levelized cost of energy and the levelized cost of storage for the entire system. The results offer information on how to best size the photovoltaic system and choose the best battery type for the integrated hybrid system, which aims to reduce electricity costs while maintaining an adequate supply of power. The dynamic operations of the fuel cell, electrolysis, and hydrogen storage are also captured by the extensive simulation. This study improves our knowledge of and ability to develop cost-effective, environmentally friendly hybrid renewable energy systems for space applications.