Abstract

Portuguese industrial companies face increasing pressure to reform environmental strategies due to global climate concerns and market demands. Many adopt ISO 14001 certification to improve efficiency, manage environmental impacts, and signal a commitment to sustainability. However, scientific consensus on the operational and reputational impacts of certification is limited. This research examines how certification affects corporate performance and international positioning by exploring two questions: (1) What motivates organisations to pursue environmental certification? (2) How can certification enhance competitive advantage and differentiation in global markets? While prior studies show mixed results, this research clarifies the motivations, processes, and outcomes of ISO 14001 adoption. Through a qualitative, exploratory study with eight companies and five certification support/sectorial organisations, findings support the optimistic view. Adopting ISO 14001 contributes to promote pro-environmental behaviour, enhance pollution control, reduce waste, optimize resources, and improve international image and differentiation.